Three separate problems
'Cable management' usually means three distinct things: hiding power bricks and adapters (bulk), bundling cables that run together (chaos), and concealing the visible run to the wall outlet (sightline). Trying to solve all three with one product is why cable management purchases often disappoint — a cable tray doesn't fix a messy visible run, and vice versa.
Fix bulk first, then chaos, then sightline
1. Under-desk cable tray: mount this first. It moves power bricks and excess cable length out of view entirely, which solves most of the visible mess in one step.
2. Reusable cable ties: bundle cables that run the same direction (e.g., monitor and speaker cables heading to the same corner). Cheap, fast, and reversible if you rearrange your desk later.
3. Cable sleeves: only tackle the remaining visible run (typically desk-to-wall) once the first two are done — sleeving cables that are about to be rearranged is wasted effort.
Plan cable routing before finalizing furniture placement
It's much easier to route cables well when you decide where the desk, power outlet, and router will be relative to each other before buying furniture, than to retrofit a cable plan around furniture that's already placed. If you're planning a new setup from scratch, sketch the cable path first.
If you have limited outlets
A desk-mounted power strip with USB ports solves two problems at once: it multiplies available outlets and moves the power strip itself up to desk height, away from a cluttered floor-level outlet.